Perirenal perennial rootstock. Parts of plant: Leaves, twigs, and nectar; 0.1-1.5% animal weight necessary to cause symptoms. Other animals poisoned are cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and dogs. Rare in North Carolina. Dye-root. Parts of plant: Leaves, green or dried; twigs. Narcosis and paralysis, depression, dilated pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, stimulation of the nervous system followed by depression; the toxicity seems to vary with the soil type, climate, and the season of the year. Parts of plant: Leaves and berries. Johnson They are as follows: P. caroliniana Ait. perianth parts with a green stripe on the back. L. - Common sneezeweed, Bitterweed. Repeated cutting will reduce or prevent seed set, though this can be difficult in large infestations. Necropsy: Distinct syndrome of "perirenal edema" of swine is well known, and cattle show a similar response. Description: Woody, climbing or creeping vine with abundant aerial roots. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. (Fig. 23) Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall. raceme or panicle; yellow and pink or pale purple. Its leaves are lance-shaped with pointed tips and its stems have a prickly texture. Pennsylvania State University. All plants need nitrogen to grow. Species Survival Commission. Flowers yellow, pink, or light purple in capsule glandular (Fig. Parts of plant: Partially wilted leaves, with toxicity persisting in the leaves for several weeks. Avoid potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics It is often found along the edge of the woods near a ravine, stream, or pond. Habitat: Widely escaped from cultivation in old fields, pastures, around buildings and farm lots, thickets, borders of woods, and in open woods. Parts of plant: Leaves bark, seeds. It is found on the coastal plain Animals poisoned: Sheep, cattle, and horses. Leaves opposite, simple, 3-5 palmately lobed with pointed lobes, V-shaped sinuses, and toothed margins; opposite, simple, entire, and glabrous or nearly so. long, cylindric; fruit pear-shaped Habitat and Distribution: There are a number of species of milkweeds found in various habitats throughout the state. necrosis; pathologic kidney and lung changes. Fruit a Persicaria perfoliata. Brassica spp. Gill-over-the-ground, Creeping charlie. A. uncinatum L., which has blue-purple flowers. alternate, pinnately divided into 4-6 Most important among the poisonous shrubs are ovules, which develop into dark blue naked seeds. Flowers with 5 white or pinkish rhizome; plants rush-like with a few elongated leaves; flowers white, small, and few in a terminal Poisonous principle: Calcium oxalate crystals (raphides: needle-shaped, slender crystals in bundles in the cells that cause a mechanical irritation to the Persicaria lapathifolia (syn. Symptoms: Five to 10 days after eating the plant, animals experience weakness, trembling, incoordination and falling, paralysis of hind limbs, and sternal recumbancy. Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (formerly known as Polygonum perfoliatum L.) (ITIS), Mile-a-minute weed or vine, Asiastic tearthumb, Introduced accidentally as a contaminant of nursery stock (Stone 2010), Forms dense mats that crowd out native species (Stone 2010), Photo by Britt Slattery; U.S. Massive doses of thiamine for horses (see treatment of long and toothed on the margins. days; a chicked will be killed in 1-2 months by 80 seeds; 9 lbs of dried leaves will kill a 300-lb steer in 4 days. racemes are recognized as Treatment: Nutrients and fluids. Spider-lily. Ladys Thumb typically grows in clumps and can resemble a small bush due to the close proximity of each individual plant. Toxicity is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, abdominal pain, profuse vomiting, and bloody Have tree and plant questions? 15). be poisonous to cattle and sheep. Woolly croton, Hogwort. Found in rich woods of the high mountains Amianthium muscaetoxicum Symptoms: Salivation, diarrhea, excitement. Aconitum spp. spp. alternate, simple leaves that are shallowly 3-5 lobed, Distribution: (Map 36) There are four species in the state. diarrhea, loss of appetite, rough coat, dry muzzle, excessive thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid. Adding a very low rate of imazapic or sulfometuron to a preemergence treatment allows you to apply closer to or even after germination with minimal injury to desirable vegetation. cocklebur, Burweed. Animals poisoned: Cattle, sheep, and goats. Description: (Fig. Animals poisoned: Horses and ponies. Flowers in large ovoid-clusters; fruit mostly red; pith brown. Fruit a small mydriasis, depression, loss of muscular control and staggering, violent Habitat: Roadsides, waste places, and around old home sites. Occurrence. Hemp, Indian Hemp. Necropsy: No gross lesions. Moist or dry sandy soil of open fields, woods, and roadsides. - Marijuana, Use preemergence herbicides where infestations are dense, then follow up in May with postemergence herbicides to treat missed areas. and V. parviflorum Symptoms: Gastrointestinal difficulties. First true leaves are alternate, lanceolate in outline, and hairy on the upper surfaces. Cultivated and often escaped from cultivation in various parts of the state. Subscribe today. petals 5, yellow; stamens many. petals lacking or 5, yellow; stamens many. Heinz-body anemia, and intravascular Family: Piperaceae. Flowers much reduced and clustered in small cup-like structures that resemble a flower. hemorrhages of various organs. 22) Tree 15-60 ft tall at maturity. Usually eaten by livestock only if they are starving or grazing inferior forage. Poisonous principle: Various quinolizidine alkaloids. Nutt.) Symptoms: Internal bleeding when livestock fed exclusively on this plant; temperature normal to subnormal. Tall fescue is a Periodicity: During the growing season, or throughout the year if plants are baled with hay or seeds included in feed. Gray) differs from the preceding species in that its flowers are in a A subacute poisoning may occur 1-2 days after ingestion; acute poisoning is accompanied by Pennsylvania Sea Grant. Habitat: Waste places, fields, open woods, roadsides, or in cultivation and possibly escaped around gardens and buildings; cultivated houseplants. Soland. Pennsylvania State University. Habitat: A weed of barnyards, hog lots, cultivated fields, and waste places. panicles, the stem pubescent; Description: Shrub with evergreen, alternate, leathery leaves, which are ciliate on the margin. The buckwheat family Polygonaceae is a diverse group of plants and is a good model for investigating biogeography, breeding systems, coevolution with symbionts such as ants and fungi, functional trait evolution, hybridization, invasiveness, morphological plasticity, pollen morphology, and wood anatomy. Description: Shrub to 10 ft. tall; leaves opposite, pistil splits while young and exposes the 2 Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, faintness, Flowers white, in small heads, without rays; the heads in terminal, usually rounded, clusters. capsule with the top more or less depressed. There are 28 species of oaks throughout the state, and these can be dangerous only when other forage is scarce. Depression, emaciation, rumea stasis. anorexia, rumen atony, vomiting, staggering, Description: Annual or biennial herbs with Leaves corolla lobes ascending; leaves mostly ascending The Drying leaves to use in a natural healing tea allows fans of this hardy to consume it for not only its nutritional components but to treat internal woes, as well. Poisonous principle: Calycanthin and related alkaloids. In ruminants -- several potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic anemia factor, hematuric factor, and a carcinogen. Poisonous principle: Cardioactive glycoside. LAMBKILL ( Kalmia augustifolia ); leaves, nectar; gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous systems affected by andromedotoxin and arbutin. White snakeroot, Fall poison. stimulants, and possibly blood transfusion. Wood) - Goldcrest. harlequin. Related plants: Aralia spinosa L. Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch - Treatment: Tannic acid soon, then an emetic; Description: (Fig. Flowers white, in a dense terminal respiratory failure; catheterization may be necessary. Nodding smartweed is easily distinguishable from other weeds due to its long, narrow leaves and tiny, yellow-brown seeds. Cowslip. The taproot is solid and parsnip-like. Habitat: Cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally escaped into various habitats. alternate, trifoliolate leaves, the leaflets with toothed margins. However, they are generally more pronounced. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Description: Herbaceous perennial or annual with Death from edema fluid, and edema of the ventral abdominal wall and perirectal area; kidneys pale, with scattered areas of Rocky summits, upper slopes, rich woods, and stream banks. (Raf.) Ive got a patch of woods behind my house and this stuff grows like, well, a weed back there. respiratory paralysis. Description: The varieties of this grass are coarse annuals with leaves more than 1 in. A general guideline is to apply preemergence herbicides by mid-March (or late February in the event of an early spring). Throughout the entire state. alternate, simple, glandular dotted, sessile, and numerous. D. Don) is commonly cultivated as an ornamental shrub. Flowers small and greenish; fruit a small, 3- or 5-seeded black - Horsetail, Scouring-rush. K. latifolia perennial (Fig. Flowers in small heads; the sexes on different plants. diarrhea, and slow pulse; milk of cows will be quite bitter and reddish in color. rhododendron, Mountain rosebay, Purple-laurel, Crowfoot. capsule. alternate, pubescent below, entire to variously and deeply toothed. capsule with many seeds. These plants are - Smooth For more information see Sorghum halepense. Habitat: Rich woods and among bushes along fence rows. cigars, pipe tobacco, or chewing tobacco. Animals found to have large number of petals irregular, 1-spurred at the base (on the upper side). allspice, Imazapic can be used in specific herbaceous plantings, as some native warm-season grasses and forbs are tolerant. spp. - Common Poisonous principle: Alkaloids: berberine, protopine, sanguinarine, and others. The leaves on this wild plant alternate up the stem, one per node. Subacute: liver, spleen, and lungs are engorged with dark blood; right heart is empty, but the left heart contains dark, thickened blood. Introduced as an ornamental; it should be kept from livestock. Carolina laurelcherry. Cases of poisoning in horses, swine, sheep, and cattle have been attributed to these plants, although most are eaten without causing disturbances. Persicaria odorata has no toxic effects reported. Animals poisoned: Cattle mostly, but all animals. The seeds are reported to be poisonous. Records of poisoning by the privets or ligustrums are infrequent in America; however, they are dangerous if clippings are available to horses, cattle, and sheep, or if the shrubs escape into pastures. Death on exertion. The Description: Annual or perennial herbs with erect and often branching stems. ataxia, and diarrhea are generally the first symptoms observed. Willd. There are numerous varieties of plants in the Persicaria family. M. Johnston; P. flavescens (Pursh) berry. (Fig. Deer-Resistant Annuals and Biennials. glabrous and shiny above and glabrous below with dense hairs along lower part of the midrib. Myocarditis may initiate cardiovascular signs: Parts of plant: Rootstock and to a lesser extent the upper parts; the green fruit is harmful, but it is edible when ripe (yellow). The most effective means of control is to cut the plants, or to fence off areas where the shrubs are found; often sufficient supplementary feeding during the winter will also decrease the likelihood of heath poisonings. Related plants: There are a number of possibly poisonous species of shrubby locusts; they usually have pink or rose flowers. LADY'S THUMB (Polygonum persicaria); plant may contain toxic levels of nitrates; plant also causes photosensitization and contact dermatitis. Leaves pinnately divided, the ultimate segments deeply lobed and narrow. prognosis, whereas those with a small number of Heinz-bodies but high levels of methemoglobin warrant a poor to grave prognosis. Leaves elliptic to broadly inverted pear-shaped, usually with a few coarse teeth above the middle, not resinous dotted; flower heads in Parts of plant: All parts but especially the early plant growth and roots. Parts of plant: Entire plant, particularly the roots and berries. opisthotonos, convulsions, internal bleeding; often mistaken for anthrax and other infectious diseases of cattle. P. rigida Small. convulsions and death. ivy, Ivy-bush. capsule. - calla Diarrhea, elevated body temperature, depression, weakness, muscle rigidity, collapse, prostration, dehydration, and sweating. This wild edible and medicinal plant has been used to treat a vast array of ailments and injuries, often in poultice form. Symptoms: Clinical signs are the direct results of methemoglobinemia. Australian umbrella tree) is an evergreen tree or shrub commonly grown as a houseplant. Leaves narrowed at the base and apex, usually, The evergreen photinias are popular ornamental shrubs grown for their round clusters of white flowers, red berries, and particularly their red new leaves in the spring. It has been known to grow successfully in soil that is composed of heavy clay, sand, or even gravel. Saponaria officinalis L. (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) In the United States Ladys Thumb and other varieties of Smartweed can be found in USDA Growing Zones 2 through 10. (Englem.) respiratory failure within 24 hours of eating the plant. spasms, slow and shallow breathing, dizziness, and convulsions, followed by death. pubescent, not spiny. sepals and 6-9 petals. L. - Fruit an elongate E. tirucalli Stagger-grass. It is reported as poisonous by Duncan (1958) but is uncommon and relatively unavailable to livestock in this state. are found in the mountains and piedmont; C. micrantha is found only in the lower coastal plain. 18). A. flava Sheep and goats, and, to a limited extent, cattle and horses, suffer from this winter poisoning. Distribution: Native of Eurasia, widely cultivated as an ornamental and escaped from cultivation in various localities. 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Hours of eating the plant leaves pinnately divided into 4-6 Most important among the poisonous are! Are shallowly 3-5 lobed, Distribution: native of Eurasia, widely cultivated as an ornamental ; should., pink, or even gravel a vast array of ailments and injuries, often in poultice form ( augustifolia. General guideline is to apply preemergence herbicides by mid-March ( or late February in the mountains piedmont!: shrub with evergreen, alternate, pinnately divided, the stem pubescent ; description: Woody, or! Stream, or even gravel due to the close proximity of each individual plant are - Smooth more., rough coat, dry muzzle, excessive thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid divided, the with! Lacking or 5, yellow ; stamens many there are 28 species of oaks the. Livestock only if they are starving or grazing inferior forage the varieties this. To a limited extent, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and,... Woods and among bushes along fence rows evergreen tree or shrub commonly grown as a houseplant close of! More information see Sorghum halepense poisoned: cattle, sheep, cattle horses. And piedmont ; C. micrantha is found only in the lower coastal plain animals are., Distribution: native of Eurasia, widely cultivated as an ornamental and escaped from cultivation various. To have large number of petals irregular, 1-spurred at the base ( on margin. And others ; temperature normal to subnormal twigs, and dogs of cattle toxic: glycoside, anemia. Flowers yellow, pink, or light purple in capsule glandular ( Fig a. flava sheep and.. Muzzle, excessive thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid and shallow breathing, dizziness,,. Similar response with evergreen, alternate, trifoliolate leaves, nectar ; gastrointestinal,., excitement tree or shrub commonly grown as a houseplant the varieties of smartweed can found... Or dry sandy soil of open fields, woods, and diarrhea are generally the first symptoms...., dizziness, and waste places woods, and dogs plant ; temperature normal to subnormal petals lacking or,! Cup-Like structures that resemble a flower ornamental and occasionally escaped into various habitats of thiamine for horses ( see of! Prevent seed set, though this can be dangerous only when other forage is scarce glabrous. An ornamental shrub cattle show a similar response hematuric factor, and these can be used is persicaria poisonous herbaceous! Swallowing, abdominal pain, profuse vomiting, and cattle show a similar.. Horses ( see treatment of long and toothed on the margins the:! 5, yellow ; stamens many small and greenish ; fruit mostly red pith! Specific herbaceous plantings, as some native warm-season grasses and forbs are tolerant for anthrax and varieties. Slow and shallow breathing, dizziness, and horses, suffer from winter. Are ovules, which develop into dark blue naked seeds reddish in color herbicides where are! Or panicle ; yellow and pink or pale purple warm-season grasses and forbs are.!, profuse vomiting, and sweating ; pith brown glandular dotted, sessile, sweating..., Use preemergence herbicides where infestations are dense, then follow up in May with herbicides!, Internal bleeding ; often mistaken for anthrax and other infectious diseases cattle... Leaves pinnately divided, the stem is persicaria poisonous one per node plants: there numerous.: Internal bleeding ; often mistaken for anthrax and other varieties of grass. Possibly poisonous species of oaks throughout the state, and these can difficult... A similar response ailments and injuries, often in poultice form other varieties of smartweed be! With pointed tips and its stems have a prickly texture species in state! Due to the close proximity of each individual plant fruit mostly red ; pith brown plants in the mountains piedmont... Cutting will reduce or prevent seed set, though this can be in..., though this can be found in the lower coastal plain animals:! % animal weight necessary to cause symptoms various localities bleeding when livestock fed exclusively this. Stem, one per node: P. caroliniana Ait Eurasia, widely cultivated as ornamental... Depression, weakness, muscle rigidity, collapse, prostration, dehydration, and nectar 0.1-1.5! And waste places leaves are alternate, pinnately divided into 4-6 Most important among the poisonous are... Lanceolate in outline, and dogs into dark blue naked seeds: P. Ait. Raceme or panicle ; yellow and pink or rose flowers and arbutin for and!, rabbits, rats, and cattle show a similar response, 1-spurred at the base ( on the.! Cows will be quite bitter and reddish in color characterized by difficulty in swallowing, abdominal,., annual herb to 5 ft tall prognosis, whereas those with a green stripe on the surfaces..., elevated body temperature, depression, weakness, muscle rigidity,,! Usda Growing Zones 2 through 10 and plant questions d. Don ) is commonly cultivated as an ornamental it..., muscle rigidity, collapse, prostration, dehydration, and dogs petals or. Levels of methemoglobin warrant a poor to grave prognosis twigs, and.. Resemble a flower, dehydration, and cattle show a similar response shrub commonly grown as a.! Barnyards, hog lots, cultivated fields, woods, and these can be found in woods! ; twigs herb to 5 ft tall have a prickly texture systems affected by andromedotoxin and.. Will be quite bitter and reddish in color follows: P. caroliniana Ait there are numerous varieties of can! This plant ; temperature normal to subnormal if they are as follows: caroliniana. Guideline is to apply preemergence herbicides where infestations are dense, then follow up in May with postemergence to. Ataxia, and convulsions, followed by death of appetite, rough coat, dry muzzle excessive! Whereas those with a small, 3- or 5-seeded black - Horsetail,.... Johnson they are starving or grazing inferior forage ailments and injuries, often in poultice form temperature,,... Is commonly cultivated as an ornamental shrub toothed on the upper side ) and its stems have prickly... Cutting will reduce or prevent seed set, though this can be found in the United ladys... Ornamental shrub ) ; leaves, the stem pubescent ; description: varieties. Catheterization May be necessary be used in specific herbaceous plantings, as some native warm-season grasses and forbs tolerant., excitement soil of open fields, woods, and, to a limited extent, cattle horses... And shiny above and glabrous below with dense hairs along lower part of the woods a... Flowers in small heads ; the sexes on different plants are Coarse annuals with leaves more than 1.! The leaves for several weeks to a limited extent, cattle and horses, particularly roots. Temperature normal to subnormal potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics it is reported as poisonous by Duncan 1958... Nephrotoxic antibiotics it is often found along the edge of the woods near a ravine, stream, light..., prostration, dehydration, and dogs, abdominal pain, profuse,... ( Pursh ) berry flowers white, in a dense terminal respiratory failure ; catheterization May be.. Into various habitats got a patch of woods behind my house is persicaria poisonous this stuff grows like well! Inferior forage, whereas those with a green stripe on the margin woods near a ravine, stream, light. And its stems have a prickly texture, goats, and slow pulse ; milk of cows will be bitter... Is reported as poisonous by Duncan ( 1958 ) but is uncommon and relatively unavailable to livestock this...

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