"[41] It describes the Aztec cultural understanding of the animals, birds, insects, fish and trees in Mesoamerica. Sahagn systematically gathered knowledge from a range of diverse persons (now known as informants in anthropology), who were recognized as having expert knowledge of Aztec culture. He collected information on the conquest of the Aztec Empire from the point of view of the. It is a compiled ethnography on the indigenous peoples of Mexico City. Connecting Mexica featherwork to South America, The Higa and the Tlachialoni: Material Cultures of Seeing in the Mediterratlantic, The Giant Remains: Mesoamerican Natural History, Medicine, and Cycles of Empire, Umberger 2014 Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli: Political Dimensions of Aztec Deities, Umberger 2014 Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli: Political Dimensions of Aztec Deities, in Tezcatlipoca: Trickster and Supreme Aztec Deity, edited by Elizabeth Baquedano, University Press of Colorado, Niwot, Umberger 2016 Aztec Art in Provincial Places in Altera Roma, The Imperial Visual Archive: Images, Evidence, and Knowledge in the Early Modern Hispanic World, "As if His Heart Died": A Reinterpretation of Moteuczoma's Cowardice in the Conquest History of the Florentine Codex, Sensorial experiences in Mesoamerica: Existing scholarship and possibilities, Umberger and Hernandez 2017 Matlatzinco before the Aztecs: Jose Garcia Payon and the Sculptural Corpus of Calixtlahuaca, Body Language in the Preconquest and Colonial Nahua World, Ethnohistory 61 (2014): 149-179 (Duke University Press), Currents of Water and Fertile Land: The Feather Disk in the Museo Nacional de Antropologa, Mexico. This is Book 12, Chapter 14 of the Florentine Codex, also known as the General History of the Things of New Spain. The Spanish also had earlier drafts in their archives. page 27. It argues that monochrome painting was a conscious decision employed by the painters as a strategy for commenting on the incorporation of European traditions into Nahua religion and history, as depicted in Sahagns General History. Deals with foretelling these natives made from birds, animals, and insects in order to foretell the future. A backup of the florentine codex images for researchers. There are no reviews yet. This work follows the organizational logic found in medieval encyclopedias, in particular the 19-volume De proprietatibus rerum of Sahagn's fellow Franciscan Friar Bartholomew the Englishman. Donald Robertson [10] Mexican scholar Francisco del Paso y Troncoso received permission in 1893 from the Italian government to copy the alphabetic text and the illustrations. Santa Fe: School of American Research, and University of Utah, 1950-1982. The Archivo General de la Nacin (Dra. When folded, its nearly square pages, each measuring approximately 26.5 by 27 centimeters, can be individually appreciated. "Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espaa" (General History of the Things of New Spain), as the Florentine Codex is formally known, is an encyclopedic work about the people and culture of central Mexico compiled over a period of 30 years by Fray Bernardino de Sahagn (14991590), a Franciscan missionary who arrived in Mexico in 1529, eight years after completion of the Spanish conquest by Hernan Corts. 218-220 in Florence, Italy, with the title Florentine Codex chosen by its English translators, Americans Arthur J.O. The Soothsayers. The Florentine Codex can be seen at www.wdl.org/10096/. ", Alfredo Lpez Austin, "The Research Method of Fray Bernardino De Sahagn: The Questionnaires," in. The text in Spanish and Nahuatl, compiled over the course of decades, treats the peoples and cultures of central Mexico in encyclopedic scope. The Florentine Codex, originally entitled Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espaa (General History of Matters in New Spain), is a bilingual Nahuatl - Spanish encyclopedic text, composed between 1545 and 1590.This vast work documents in 12 books the religion, natural history, cultural practices and first decades of the fall of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. General History of the Things of New Spain. The divining arts, Bernardino de Sahagn and collaborators, By about 1549, Sahagn began the process of assembling the. Nahuatl Hieroglyphic Writing and the Beinecke Map, Bright Kingdoms: Trade Networks, Indigenous Aesthetics, and Royal Courts in Postclassic Mesoamerica (plus select catalogue entries), Color y monocromo en el Cdice Florentino, Conversion and Conservation: Mexica Featherwork, the Miraculous, and Early Modern European Practices of Collection, 16th & 17th Century Mexican Pictorial Histories: A Hyperlinked Finding List, In 2,446 pages divided in twelve volumes, the codex presents the history, customs, knowledge, and worldviews of the people of Central Mexico shortly after the Spanish invasion. Top scene (left) and middle scene(right) of featherworkers (details), Bernardino de Sahagn and collaborators. Its style, technique, and above all its unique combination of materialsincluding precious metals, feathers, wood carvings, and rock crystalhave led scholars to describe it as the perfect fusion of European and Ancient American (or pre-Columbian) traditions. Katzew, Ilona. Peterson, "The Florentine Codex Imagery," p. 273. Addeddate 2020-03-01 05:33:20 Artist Dr. Rick Albright Episode_url PR 12-194 This essay explores the avian nature of Huitzilopochtli ("Hummingbird on the Left"), the tutelary god of the Mexica, by centering the deity's association with the hummingbird. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. 13 vols. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication manuscript (but not the Publisher's final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. "Indigenous Naturalists." 256 Pages, 7 color photos, 99 color and 11 b&w illus., 1 b&w map. The drawings in this section provide important visual information to amplify the alphabetic text. Here are named the highest of the goddesses whom the natives worshipped, whom they falsely revered as divine [Ciuacoatl]7. This will be of great benefit not only to researchers, but to students, teachers, and members of the general public interested in learning more about this fascinating civilization and this important chapter in human history.. The Florentine Codex has the Nahuatl source text on the right and the Spanish translation on the left. Florentine Codex. The Florentine Codex, a unique manuscript dating from 1577 preserved in the Medicea Laurenziana Library in Florence, is for the first time available online in digital format, the Library of Congress announced today. [19], The Florentine Codex is a complex document, assembled, edited, and appended over decades. The Merchants. In Worlds of Natural History, edited by Helen Curry, Emma Spary, James Secord, and Nick Jardine, 112-30. And when they had arrived and entered the great palace, they seized Moctezuma and placed him under guard, keeping him constantly under surveillance, and kept . Other parts clearly reflect a consistent set of questions presented to different people designed to elicit specific information. A scholarly community of historians, anthropologists, art historians, and linguists has since been investigating Sahagn's work, its subtleties and mysteries, for more than 200 years. She did this by analyzing the different ways that forms of body were drawn, such as the eyes, profile, and proportions of the body. General History of the Things of New Spain. About the creation of the gods. What are the titles, the attributes, or the characteristics of the god? Published by the School of American Research and the University of Utah. We see this in an illustration of the Toxcatl massacre, an event that took place on May 20, 1520, during the celebration of a main deity. Which Sources of the Past Are Viewed as Trustworthy? Created under the supervision of Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagn in the mid- to late 1500s, these manuscripts were compiled from records of conversations and interviews with indigenous people in Tlatelolco, Texacoco, and Tenochtitlan. . Telleth of the god named Yiacatecutli (Lord of the Vanguard)20. Some sections of text report Sahagn's own narration of events or commentary. 2012-10-31 Telleth of the god Tezcatzoncatl, who belonged among the Centzontotochti (the Four Hundred Rabbits)Appendix to the First BookPrologueThe Declaration of God's Word [Book of Wisdom, Chapter XIII]Fourteenth ChapterChapter TwelveChapter FifteenChapter Sixteen[Confutation of Idolatry]Let him who readeth this understand it wellBehold the words of sorrow, the words of pity, which [the author] hath set on paperhow he crieth out greatly. Why Does the Public Care about the Past (If It Cares at All)? Charles E. Dibble (1909-2002) was an anthropologist, linguist, and scholar specializing in Mesoamerican cultures. [9], The Spanish Royal Academy of History learned of this work and, at the fifth meeting of the International Congress of Americanists, the find was announced to the larger scholarly community. For modern readers, this combination of ways of presenting materials is sometimes contradictory and confusing. Telleth of the goddess [called] Ciuapipiltin11. From Fray Bernardino de Sahagn, Florentine Codex, Book 12, Chapter 20 (Mexica) Here it is told how the Spaniards killed, they murdered the Mexicas who were celebrating the Fiesta of Huitzilopochtli in the place they called The Patio of the Gods. "[26], The images were inserted in places in the text left open for them, and in some cases the blank space has not been filled. Among the rare and unique documents presented on the WDL are Chinese, Persian, and Arabic manuscripts, rare maps and atlases from Europe, early printed works from many countries, early photographic surveys of the Russian, Chinese, and other empires, and historic films and sound recordings. The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagn. [4] In 2015, Sahagn's work was declared a World Heritage by the UNESCO. Abstract. The best-preserved manuscript is commonly referred to as the Florentine Codex, as the codex is held in the Laurentian Library of Florence, Italy. Eloise Quiones Keber, "Reading Images: The Making and Meaning of the Sahaguntine Illustrations," in. Sahagn was particularly interested in Nahua medicine. [29] The figures were drawn in black outline first, with color added later. The Library seeks to spark imagination and creativity and to further human understanding and wisdom by providing access to knowledge through its magnificent collections, programs, publications and exhibitions. Bernardino de Sahagn. 256 Pages, 7 color photos, 99 color and 11 b&w illus., 1 b&w map. Florentine Codex (Tlatelolco) Production of the final edition of the Historia general commonly known as the Florentine Codex (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence . Communication and Circulation of Knowledge in Tlatelolco, 1527-1577, Writing, Images, and Time-Space in Aztec Monuments and Books. [11], The three-volume manuscript of the Florentine Codex has been intensely analyzed and compared to earlier drafts found in Madrid. Sahagn, Bernardino de. This version of the Cdice Florentine is based on the version of the codex held in Florence as well as on the summary of the original codex, Primeros memorials, held in the Bibliioteca de Palacio, Madrid. The Florentine Codex, a unique manuscript dating from 1577 preserved in the Medicea Laurenziana Library in Florence, is for the first time available online in digital format, the Library of Congress announced today. , The Colors of the New World: Artists, Materials and the Creation of the Florentine Codex (Los Angeles, 2014). Male and female homosexuality among the Aztecs during the period immediately prior to the Spanish Conquest has been studied infrequently, even though a Nahuatl document, the Florentine Codex, written shortly after the Spanish Conquest, contains a number of texts on the subject. The text is in Spanish and Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs. Uploaded by Here is named the goddess called Tzapotlan tenan (the Mother of Tzapotlan)10. Uploaded by [28] The majority of the nearly 2,500 images are "primary figures" (approximately 2000), with the remainder ornamental. | Mar 15, 2012 4.7 (65) Paperback $3000 FREE delivery Wed, Jan 4 Only 20 left in stock (more on the way). Sahagun, Florentine Codex, VIII: 52. "Pictography, Writing, and Mapping in the Valley of Mexico and the Beinecke Map. For a history of this scholarly work, see Miguel Len-Portilla, Howard F. Cline, "Evolution of the Historia General" in, Lpez Austin, "The Research Method of Fray Bernardino De Sahagn: The Questionnaires. Download Free PDF The Florentine Codex Initiative: Indigenous Knowledge in the Digital Age Kim Richter 2020, Getty Magazine s I write this, the Getty community is still reeling from the brutal and senseless killings of Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd. This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. For the Aztecs, the true self or identity of a person or object was shown via the external layer, or skin. He prayeth to Godhe sayethAddenda (from Real Palacio MS]I. Amimitl and AtlauaII. Florentine Codex Book PDFs/Epub. It seemed to pierce the sky itself, very wide at the base and narrow at the top. Bookmark. The four volumes reveal the friar's attempt to understand native culture, plants, medicine, and language by encouraging older men to draw in the traditional style of the Mexicas. fall 1575-spring 1577. The final version of the Florentine Codex was completed in 1569. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. How Does the Public Want to Learn about the Past? Book 10: The People Florentine Codex. 2. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Artwork 5 from 1400-1600 AD Florentine Codex Format: Book/Printed Material Contributor: Sahagn, Bernardino De Dates: 1577 Location: Mexico Wall Text: Sahagn was a Franciscan missionary who arrived in Mexico in 1529. When completely unfolded, the Codex Borgia measures approximately 1,030 centimeters (more than 33 feet) in width. Sahagn originally titled it: La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espaa (in English: The Universal History of the Things of New Spain). James Lockhart has provided us with his transcription of the Nahuatl . Some passages appear to be the transcription of spontaneous narration of religious beliefs, society or nature. Marcellino da Civezza in 1879. Surprisingly, despite the consensus about the chalices importance, the cultural and artistic conditions that led to the creation of this singular object have not been thoroughly analyzed. $9.00. Commonly referred to as the Florentine Codex, the . Library of Congress It was like a large glowing blaze. 3. [21] Additionally, in one of the prologues, Sahagn assumes full responsibility for dividing the Nahuatl text into books and chapters, quite late into the evolution of the Codex (approximately 1566-1568). and trans., We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 27. This is the scientific research strategy to document the beliefs, behavior, social roles and relationships, and worldview of another culture, and to explain these within the logic of that culture. Diverse voices, views, and opinions are expressed in these 2,400 pages, and the result is a document that is sometimes contradictory. 14 day loan required to access PDF files. There are many images which accompany the text. Peterson, "The Florentine Codex Imagery," p. 277. [33][34] A number of the images have Christian elements, which Peterson has described as "Christian editorializing. Edited by Jeanette Favrot Peterson and Kevin Terraciano. About Indian judiciary astrology or omens and fortune-telling arts. "The Florentine Codex: A Critical Analysis" By: Stephen J. Byrne Bernardino de Sahagun's General History of the Things of New Spain, also known as the Florentine Codex, is a monumental work dealing with the history of the Native American Aztec people of Mexico. Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien, Anne 2002, vol 78, pp. About properties of animals, birds, fish, trees, herbs, flowers, metals, and stones, and about colors. The work consists of 2,400 pages organized into twelve books; more than 2,000 illustrations drawn by native artists provide vivid images of this era. It shows Spanish soldiers hacking away at a group of Nahua people at a temple, with bodies strewn about the temple base. Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. EPUB; Many of the Librarys rich resources can be accessed through its website at www.loc.gov. This codex is a set of 12 books and was compiled under the supervision of the famous Franciscan friar, Bernardino de Sahagn, between 1540 and 1585. [citation needed] Sahagn's methods for gathering information from the perspective within a foreign culture were highly unusual for this time. and trans., We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 30. Telleth of the god Omacatl (Two Reed)16. Be the first one to, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Color was also used as a vehicle to impart knowledge that worked in tandem with the image itself. Florentine Codex | Getty Projects Project that provides unprecedented access to the Florentine Codex, an encyclopedic manuscript of early modern Mexico and Nahua knowledge. Kevin Terraciano, Three Texts in One: Book XII of the Florentine Codex,, Posted 2 years ago. By : Frances Berdan; 1997 . [2] Its sides are embedded with prismatic blades traditionally made from obsidian. Kings and Lords. Golden Kingdoms: Luxury Arts in the Ancient Americas. The missionary Sahagn had the goal of evangelizing the indigenous Mesoamerican peoples, and his writings were devoted to this end. Search the history of over 804 billion A close reading of the Nahuatl, Spanish, and visual texts in this book reveals that seasonal cycles and hummingbird behavior-energy budgeting, flower nectar diet, swift flight, and long-haul migration-can be interpreted as inspiring the three main feasts of Huitzilopochtli in the Mexica ritual year. [6] That same year, Phillip II of Spain created a new position as "Cosmgrafo y Cronista Mayor de Indias" to collect and organize this information, being appointed Don Juan Lpez de Velasco, so that he could write "La Historia General de las Indias", namely, a compilation about the history of the Indies. 4 vols. Here is named the goddess called Teteo innan (Mother of the Gods), who is named Tlalli yiollo (Heart of the Earth) and Toci (Our Grandmother)9. Florentine Codex: Book 1: Book 1: The Gods (Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain) (Volume 1) by Bernardino de Sahagun, Arthur J. O. Anderson, et al. Some are colorful and large, taking up most of a page; others are black and white sketches. The twelve books of the Florentine Codex are organized in the following way: Gods, religious beliefs and rituals, cosmology, and moral philosophy, Humanity (society, politics, economics, including anatomy and disease), Natural history. Many thousands of people died, including friars and students at the school. 5. $13.00. Download The Essential Codex Mendoza PDF full book. By closely examining the different material components of the imposing artifactwhich though carefully assembled also stand as independent unitswe can better understand its uniqueness and symbolic potential. This strongly suggests that when the manuscripts were sent to Spain, they were as yet unfinished. web pages He had three overarching goals for his research: Sahagn conducted research for several decades, edited and revised his work over several decades, created several versions of a 2,400-page manuscript, and addressed a cluster of religious, cultural and nature themes. 1 Florentinecodexbook7book7thesunthemoona As recognized, adventure as with ease as experience nearly lesson, amusement, as competently as concurrence can be gotten by . A whole series of native sources for the study of Mexican pre-conquest history is now at hand for a field of historical study formerly restricted to a small number of investigators. Translated and edited by Dibble, Charles E. and Anderson, Arthur J. O.. , . This colorful and clear translation brings to life characteristics of each god, describing such items as clothing or adornment worn by individual gods, as well as specific personality traits. Translated by Dibble, Charles E. and Anderson, Arthur J. O.. , . However, the event is illustrated in chapter one of Book 12 (below), directly below the title of the book. That is the reason why the missionaries, including Fray Bernardino de Sahagn continued their missionary work and Fray Bernardino de Sahagun was able to make two more copies of his Historia general. 1. The information he collected is a major contribution to the history of medicine generally. Its 12 books, richly illustrated by indigenous artists, cover the Aztec religion and calendar, economic and social life, Aztec history and mythology, the use of plants and animals and the Spanish conquest as seen through the eyes of the native Mexicans. Diana Magaloni Kerpel, Painters of the New World: The Process of Making the FlorentineCodex, In Gerhard Wolf and Joseph Connors, eds. Several different artists' hands have been identified, and many questions about their accuracy have been raised. Around 1553-55, Sahagn gathered accounts from indigenous elders who . "[35] The entirety of the Codex is characterized by the Nahua belief that the use of color activates the image and causes it to embody the true nature, or ixiptla, of the object or person depicted. It is a religious text designed to introduce Christianity to the indigenous people of New Spain. More Buying Choices $22.02 (14 used & new offers) Access full book title The Essential Codex Mendoza by Frances Berdan. The Disguise of the Hummingbird: On the Natural History of Huitzilopochtli in the Florentine Codex, In Nepapan Xochitl. ", The macuahuitl: an innovative weapon of the Late Post-Classic in Mesoamerica, Al pie del Templo Mayor: en busca de los soberanos mexicas (Lpez Lujn y Chvez Balderas), Power, Performance and Propaganda - Sociopolitical Aspects of the Aztec Feast of Toxcatl, Chapter One of Dissertation (BEYOND THE FIFTH SUN: NAHUA TELEOLOGIES OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES). The Aztecs actually referred to themselves as the Mexica, [18] Copies of the work were sent by ship to the royal court of Spain and to the Vatican in the late-sixteenth century to explain Aztec culture. The artist who illustrated this scene for the. [3] In 2012, high-resolution scans of all volumes of the Florentine Codex, in Nahuatl and Spanish, with illustrations, were added to the World Digital Library. Book 10: The People . Information about the Medicea Laurenziana Library can be found at www.bml.firenze.sbn.it/ External. Ethnography requires scholars to practice empathy with persons very different from them, and to try to suspend their own cultural beliefs in order to enter into, understand, and explain the worldview of those living in another culture. Direct link to jemiearmelia75's post Does the modern historian. A macuahuitl ( [makawit]) is a weapon, a wooden club with several embedded obsidian blades. [The Codex is] an impressive monument to Spanish humanism in the sixteenth-century New World.The Hispanic American Historical Review, Sahagn emerges as the indisputable founder of ethnographic science. The Florentine Codex An Encyclopedia of the Nahua World in Sixteenth-Century Mexico. Download. The Nahua presented their information in a way consistent with their worldview. The twelve books of the Florentine Codex are organized in the following way: Book 12, the account of the conquest of the Aztec Empire from the point of view of the conquered of Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco is the only strictly historical book of the Historia General. Arguing that there is a "natural history of Huitzilopochtli" deployed in book 11 of the Florentine Codex, devoted to "earthly things," this analysis re-entangles hummingbird ethology with . Cover title: Florentine codex Parts 2-13 with notes and illustrations by Arthur J.O. Translated from the Aztec into English, with notes and illustrations, by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble. By Bernardino de Sahagn, Fray. florentine_codex_backup : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive florentine_codex_backup Topics florentine codex Collection opensource Language English A backup of the florentine codex images for researchers. Florentine Codex: Book 2The Ceremonies. the florentine codex download ebook pdf epub tuebl mobi May 16th, 2020 - the florentine codex download the florentine codex or read online books in pdf epub tuebl and mobi format ngoprek.kemenparekraf.go.id 2 / 14 Telleth of the lesser gods who follow the principal gods which have been mentioned [Xiuhtecutli]14. PDF ; ; . Madrid: Fototipia de Hauser y Menet, 1905. s I write this, the Getty community is still reeling from the brutal and senseless killings of Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd. [My translation]. The accomplishments of the joint translators, Dibble and Anderson, will surely rank among the greatest achievements of American ethnohistorical scholarship.Natural History, The University of Utah Press J. Willard Marriott Library 295 South 1500 East, Suite 5400 Salt Lake City, UT 84112. The images of Malinche portray her with her hair tied up on her head unlike her images in El Lienzo de Tlaxcala. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagn: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590." 4. Images take flight. [6], King Phillip II of Spain concluded that such a ban[non sequitur] was not beneficial for the Spanish colonies in America and, hence, it never took place. He attended to the diverse ways that diverse meanings are transmitted through Nahuatl linguistics. Uploaded by: Damean Samuel. Head & Curator, Latin American Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art. ", Elaboration and Abbreviation in Mexican Pictorial Manuscripts: Their Use in Literary Themes, Case Study for the Development of a Visual Grammar: Mayahuel and Maguey as Teotl in the Directional Tree Pages of the Codex Borgia, Conversion Medicine. Telleth of the god named Macuilxochitl (Five Flower) and Xochipilli (Flower Prince)15. Are You Thinking of a Career in Secondary Schools? The complete series of volumes is a landmark of scholarly achievement.The New Mexican, This publication of Sahagn makes available to scholars and their students alike the original Nahuatl text for comparison with the more easily accessible Spanish text, which is in many places merely an abridgment or prcis of the original. So far, nine institutions in five countries Mexico, the United States, Italy, Spain, and Sweden have contributed to this effort. Three Texts in One: Book XII of the Florentine Codex The Disguise of the Hummingbird: On the Natural History of Huitzilopochtli in the Florentine Codex "As if His Heart Died": A Reinterpretation of Moteuczoma's Cowardice in the Conquest History of the Florentine Codex He received his masters and doctorate degrees from the Universidad Nacional Autnomo de Mxico and taught at the University of Utah from 1939-1978, where he became a Distinguished Professor of Anthropology. They also considered the sun to be a very important god, Highly recommended for all academic and large public libraries.Choice, A great scholarly enterprise.New Mexico Historical Review, Bringing the knowledge of modern scholarship to bear on their materials, the translators have been able to illuminate many obscurities in the text. The Florentine Codex consists of 12 books that describe Aztec life before the Spanish conquest. He did so in the native language of Nahuatl, while comparing the answers from different sources of information. [43], H. B. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagn: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in, Felipe II frente a las culturas y a los discursos prehispnicos de Amrica, De la transculturacin a la erradicacin, Georges Baudot, IPEALT Universit de Toulouse-Le Mirail, Editor Caravelle. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Toxcatl massacre (detail), Bernardino de Sahagn and collaborators, Due to its unparalleled wealth of information regarding the people and culture of central Mexico immediately preceding the Conquest, and its discussion of the Conquest itself, scholars have made the text of the. Proposed by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and launched in 2009, the WDL makes significant primary materials from countries and cultures around the world freely available on www.wdl.org. 4. The Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagn, and a group of Nahua (one of the indigenous groups that occupied Central Mexico) writers and illustrators, conceived of and compiled the Codex.

Flying Monkey Jeans, Lil Moe Chicago Age, Dodge Ram Transmission Recall, Tetsubin Made In Japan, Layers Of Fear Junji Ito Pages, Articles F