how to fight a positive drug test in the military

Most commonly, positive drug results come after a weekend of partying. The use of adverbs such as best, top, premier, etc. The reservists may not receive nonjudicial punishment under Article 15 for drug use unless on federal duty. (Answered), What Percentage of Military Marriages End in Divorce? Random urine samples are tested each month, covering different branches of the service, including Air Force and Navy. Even though relying on a flashlight itself is easy to understand, do you ever , No one wants to be caught walking alone outside in the dark. If they know that the accused has been taking dietary supplements, herbal remedies, or hears about the dive-bar the accused went to, they may be willing to acquit without any evidence other than that to acquit. Should I Consult an Attorney About Drug Testing? The good news is that while mandatory processing is expected, mandatory separation is not. When a member is notified that he/she has been selected to provide a urine sample for testing, that member generally must provide a urine sample within two hours. Drug test cleared on 2/18/22. The reserve component personnel may be involuntarily recalled to activate the duty for nonjudicial punishment only concerning the offenses committed. An active service member is not eligible to retake a failed drug test. Applicants who end up failing the test twice are permanently and automatically disqualified from having a position in the military. Also, since private civil lawyers work for themselves, they are very careful not to become overloaded. I have seen many cases where samples get mislabeled or mishandled, which can lead to questions about the accuracy of the results. Individuals who would like to join the military can take a retest if failed the initial drug test. The consequences for a positive drug test can range from administrative separation to court-martial, charges which can be debilitating to your career. Nevertheless, a failed drug test does not mean its over. As a result, any military member who tests positive on a urinalysis should consult with an experienced military attorney immediately. (CNN) The US Defense Department issued an official warning to troops last week: If you don't want to test positive on a drug test, you should avoid poppy seeds. You often hear about the zero tolerance and how compliance is mandatory. There are specific units that are excessively aggressive in prosecuting in the instances of urinalysis. Recruits can reappear after 90 days since the last test, and this is at the discretion of the particular branch of the military service. The message comes as cannabis advocates continue to push VA officials to broaden testing of the drug for a variety of service-connected injuries and conditions. Therefore, it is very important that you select your attorney carefully. Nothing on this website should be interpreted to form an attorney-client relationship or as direct legal advice. The military defense attorneys at. Join us to receive the latest updates & best offers for Drug Test kits. Dont give up. If a military member tests positive on a commander-directed urinalysis collection, the command may NOT use the results of that urinalysis for action under the UCMJ. Another possible way to fight military drug test results is to prove that you have taken the drug unknowingly. A chain-of-custody is a written record of the people involved through the process (from giving away the containers to the service members, sample collection, batching, packing, and shipping). This will also avoid cheating. The testing agency slapped Khan with a less punitive, backdated two-year ban. What is DEP Military? What is the Process for Preferral of Charges? Also, there should be somebody present, observing the member of the service as they produce a urine sample. Hood: Why Soldiers Should Consider Hiring a Civilian Attorney, What It Means to Turn Down or Accept an Article 15, What You Need to Know About a General Court-Martial in 2023. The document can also be used by anybody who has access to the sample inside the laboratory. Private attorneys are not subject to factors such as chain of command, supervisory responsibility chain, and ranking. If you are to contest the results of a military drug test, getting professional help is very important. The current VA disability pay rates show compensation for veterans with a disability rating 10% or higher. A drug test can only be built against you if there is substantial evidence to declare that you have consciously ingested drugs. I was drug tested 2/14/22. Throughout much of this process, service members may not be assigned a free military defense counsel until it's too late. In fact, the Government has a very difficult task of proving the accused knowingly used drugs and that the laboratory results are actually reliable (laboratory reliable will be the subject of future articles). What Should You Do If You Get An Article 15? Knowing how to effectively advocate in this situation is the difference between facing an adverse separation and maintaining your career. The best womens tactical boots shouldnt only offer protection but also extreme comfort , Every soldier in combat needs a pair of boots. Certain procedures are involved during the military drug test: Military drug testing procedures are followed very strictly to achieve very accurate and precise results. Correspondence address: The zero-tolerance policy in the military on drug use is a justified one. They also can depend on when it happens in your career. That may include your food, water, and first aid , If you want to only bring a few items to hiking or other outdoor activity, a tactical fanny pack might be an ideal option than a burdensome large backpack. Individuals who test positive on the drug test twice will be automatically disqualified from serving in any of the military branches permanently. If you have been told that you tested positive on a urinalysis test, we invite you to contact JAG Defense for a free consultation regarding your case. For active-duty service members, they are not given that second opportunity. The other possibility is the mishandling of drug samples. WebThe military drug labs will send a portion of the sample to an independent laboratory chosen by the service member for re-testing at the service members expense. A positive test result will likely result in significant administrative or disciplinary action against a military member, to include court-martial. The process of military drug Is there a Statute of Limitations for Military Sexual Assault Cases? Any deviation from these instructions may question the accuracy of the results. This will help counter any case against you. Please see below for some of the most common bases for military urinalysis collections. Geo resource failed to load. The Best Tactical Boots for Flat Feet (Military Use and Hiking), The Best Womens Tactical Boots for Work and Leisure, How to Break in Combat Boots: Know The Steps Well (Best Tips), The Best Small Tactical Backpacks (Compact and lightweight), The Best Tactical Fanny Packs for Any Mission, What is a Red Tactical Headlamp? How to Overcome a Positive Drug Test in the Military, How to Request Your Military Service Records, Including Your DD 214. This means that there are a number of ways to possibly challenge positive tests. want you to know that you are well within your rights to defend yourself, and they want to help you do just that. Being more informed in this way can boost your chances of effectively defending yourself against a drug case. This depends on the service branch, recruits testing positive for drugs can still apply again 90 days after the last test. There are many ways to challenge these allegedly positive tests. He can be reached at (202) 787-1900 orinfo@tullylegal.com. You can challenge the way the sample is collected, the way it was handled, and the way it was tested. WebLearn more about How to Fight a Positive Drug Test in the Military here. If a member tests positive on a probable cause urinalysis collection, that positive result may be used by the military for action under the UCMJ or for administrative action. In order to know how to fight a false positive drug test, you need to know your rights. Colonel Rodrigues has extensive experience in military justice, litigation and administrative processes. The possible consequences will have an impact on your life, even after your actual service time. First, do not cry. What is the Process for Preferral of Charges? Over the course of his career, Grover H. Baxley has built a national reputation for his defense of positive military urinalysis cases. Newer Post . Consequences of a Failed Military Drug Test. There have been cases of mislabeling, mistakes related to personal identifying information, testing errors, etc. Depending on which type of drug returned a positive result, the consequences could be more serious. As with most careers, drug usage is always something to be conscious of since the consequences can be catastrophic. The consequences may depend on the type of drug that gave the positive and failing result. choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Some over-the-counter cold medications and dietary supplements may mimic the chemical structures of certain substances and turn positive. What Makes for The Best Court-Martial Lawyer 2023. There are instances where service members can self-medicate for pain, anxiety, or other conditions. If you are going to be entrusted with protecting and serving our nation, then there is an expectation that you are not doing it while under the influence of any illicit substances. It may take an amount the size of 3-4 Your goal is to persuade the government that you are not guilty, and that you did not just accept the result based on the outcome. A commander has several privileges to take action against positive drug crimes. 5 Questions to Ask Yourself Before You Buy a Home, The 4 Worst Things You Can Do Before Getting a Mortgage to Buy a Home. However, if you hire a civilian attorney who is outside military legal counsel, you have more freedom and the capacity to select someone who you feel comfortable with and trust. Our attorneys have extensive experience in presenting compelling evidence and argument supporting the possibility of an unknowing ingestion to military injuries. It has been made legally since the 1960s and is prescribed to treat pain in cancer patients. WebIf military personnel test positive for drugs, their results can be used against them in a number of ways depending on the purpose of the test. According to statistics, around 60 million people in the United States suffer from being flat-footed. If you are not used to writing and receiving military emails, there will be many phrases and , While searching for enlistment options in the military, you will likely come across the acronym DEP and be confused about what it entails. Navy O-5 Commanding Officer was relieved of command due to allegations of sexual harassment and conduct unbecoming an officer. Drug test cleared on 2/18/22. Think about what youve consumed recentlyincluding food, drink, and medicationthat could potentially be to blame. So, if there is evidence that there were any deviations from the standard procedure, your positive test results may be deemed unreliable and inaccurate. Don't give up. Fax: 949-491-1467, Every Military member knows they must fulfill their duties to the best of their ability, Its easy to request any records containing your military information from the Nation Personnel Records, Are you a spouse, parent, or sibling of a military member who is being investigated, As a service member, testing positive for a military drug test is serious, but it does not mean your career is over. The best way to deal with a positive military drug test is by defending yourself. The bottles will be grouped into batches, with the individual in charge of administering the urine test will start a document for every batch. Should you get the professional help of a civilian help rather than an active military counsel? Failing a drug test does not have to mean your career is over. Also, the lawyer must educate the members of an administrative separation board on the science present behind every drug test. As such, service members -- from Recruit to General -- are regularly tested for drugs to prove they are operating in their best physical and mental condition. There are different bases that the military depends on for urine sample collection, and this dictates the manner the command can utilize any positive test results. If they do test positive, administrative and disciplinary action will be forthcoming. Further, while the results of the commander-directed urinalysis may be used as a basis for discharge, they cannot be used to adversely characterize that members service. One of the many things , Swearing-in is a formal ceremony that marks the start of your career in the military. Protecting Rights in Times of Political Correctness in the Military. In order to ensure an alert and responsible fighting force, all branches of the military employ a very active drug testing program. The consequences for a positive drug test can range from administrative separation to court-martial, charges which can be debilitating to your career. Often, your drug case will be the assigned defense counsels very first case alone! The former unified super lightweight world champion tested pos The views and opinions on this website are the views and opinions of Golden Law, Inc., as an organization. The primary purpose of such an inspection is to determine and ensure the security, fitness, or good order and discipline of that unit. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. For active-duty service members, they are not given that second opportunity. We will do our best to respond! Lets Find Out Right Now! If you would like to respond, or have an editorial of your own you would like to submit, please contact Military Times senior managing editor Howard Altman, haltman@militarytimes.com. Advice When Your Son is Accused of Misconduct in the Military, Steps to Take if You Have Been Accused of a Military Sex Crime. Disability compensation is paid to veterans disabled by an injury or illness that was incurred or aggravated during active Copyright 2023 Military.com. We represent clients around the world. He can be reached at (202) 787-1900 or info@tullylegal.com. However, as an experienced trial lawyer, I know the jury is often significantly more willing to acquit if the defense presents a case. If you have been notified that you tested positive on a military drug test, you may feel like your military career is over. To ensure a responsive and alert fighting force, the military performs regular military drug testing. The best tactical binoculars can give you full details of the , My old Hatch sap gloves got ruined, so I was looking for a way to make one without buying a new pair due to economic reasons. Hopefully, this has been helpful. There are many ways to challenge these allegedly positive tests. Just like with most careers, taking and using drug is something that should be careful with, simply because the consequences could prove to be catastrophic. For example, certain components in over-the-counter pills, supplements, vitamins, and medications for PTSD, anxiety, or depression can surface as illicit drugs. Today, defense contractors make millions of dollars selling AI insider threat systems that are meant to predict which Jack Douglas Teixeira was accused of unauthorized retention, removal and transmission of national defense information and Jack Douglas Teixeira was arrested by armed agents as part of the Justice Department probe into the unauthorized removal A 4.6% pay raise has been proposed for 2023, but will it keep up with inflation? These instructions must be followed exactly to ensure a proper collection and chain of custody. Marc brings his extensive legal experience to Tully Rinckey from the United States Marine Corps and two private law firms. These are also referred to as unit/command sweeps. A commander may order his/her entire unit or command to provide a urine specimen. The decision to prosecute a drug test or urinalysis case can also be heavily personified and dependent on the command. The military defense attorneys at Golden Law Inc. want you to know that you are well within your rights to defend yourself, and they want to help you do just that. What should you do? Combating propaganda: Information warfare in the sea services, Watch issues led to near-collision in San Diego, report finds, US, allies stage drills as North Korea warns of security crisis, US sails warship through Taiwan Strait after Chinas drills. Military Justice at Ft. Depending on the branch of service, recruits who test positive for drugs may be able to reapply 90 days after their previous test. WebThe two NDSLs test approximately 2.5 million specimens annually from Navy and Marine Corps active duty, recruit, and reserve members, all Department of Defense (DOD) And all the essential accessories are reviewed to support long-lasting maintenance. The attorney can help them understand their rights. Therefore, nearly 600,000 officers in the United States undergo drug tests conducted each month by the military. WebThe best way to prepare for a military drug test is by using a detox drink such as Clear Choice Rescue Cleanse. It has been made legally since the 1960s and is prescribed to treat pain in cancer Commanders also have the privilege to request certain urine specimens to be further checked for steroids and other drugs. Another benefit of getting professional help from a civilian defense is that they are usually free from threats or intimidation that is common among military defense lawyers. If you innocently ingested a substance (which can happen in a variety of ways especially in this day and age), then you are not guilty. How to Make Sap Gloves Out of an Ordinary Pair? Throughout much of this process, service members may not be assigned a free military defense counsel until its too late. The use of adverbs such as best, top, premier, etc. Doing so will allow you to protect your military career and reputation. Our attorneys handle cases nationally and military matters internationally. More than half of all new recruits come from states where marijuana is now legal, at least for medicinal use. The most common of these bases is referred to as random urinalysis testing. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. However, if the drug test is negative, it typically takes 1 to 3 days for the results to be returned. By now, you should be aware of the two possible ways on how to fight a positive drug test in the military. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. After testing positive, disciplinary and administrative action will follow. There are many ways to advocate for yourself should your test come back positive. Hence, besides the information that she shares, viewers pay attention to her appearance and what she wears. Its important to go through the different ways that the test could Unfortunately, active service members are not allowed to take the test again after failing. Continued working for an additional 2+ months. Continue with Recommended Cookies, April 5, 2021 Can You Join the Military With an STD? Imagine: You are a service member and you have not passed the military drug test. To begin with, every individual need to write their name initials on the bottle label. It has been made legally since the 1960s and is prescribed to treat pain in cancer patients. Military pay will see a 4.6% increase for 2023 compared to 2022 levels, after President Joe Biden signs the new rate into law. Generally speaking, applicants to the military are able to retake a failed drug test when at a Military Entry Processing Station (MEPS). But no matter how much we try to avoid it, situations like these will happen one way or , When youre hunting or surveying distant objects, it would be ideal to have a good pair of tactical binoculars. Advice When Your Son is Accused of Misconduct in the Military, Steps to Take if You Have Been Accused of a Military Sex Crime. Every potential client should ensure the qualifications, experience, personality, cost, and other miscellaneous factors are an appropriate match for that individual before choosing an attorney. For members who are active in duty, a second opportunity is not available. If a member is suspected of drug involvement, then he/she will face some type of disciplinary action. Learn more, Written byEverett Bledsoe / Fact checked byBrain Bartell. Whats the Difference Between Military and Civilian Courts? Golden Law, Inc. is a law firm with attorneys licensed in California, Illinois, and Michigan. The good news is that, there are proven ways methods to fight a positive military drug test, and prove yourself free from guilt. While this is expected in a normal career, the expectations are double in the military. For active-duty service members, they are not given that second opportunity. There are a few methods to fight a positive military drug test. Amir Khan has spoken for the first time after news broke that he failed a drugs test following his fight against Kell Brook last year. As former military members, JAG Defense Lawyers understand what you are going through and exactly how to handle your positive military urinalysis defense. When providing a urine sample during a drug test, the Unit Prevention Leader, or UPL, should be notified as well. Call anytime! Copyright 2023 - The Soldiers Project. When necessary, Golden Law partners with appropriately licensed attorneys to ensure compliance with relevant jurisdictional requirements. Servicemembers know that steroid use is illegal unless prescribed by a physician and its a violation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, as listed under Article 112a. Results CAN NEVER be guaranteed. GAO Calls for Reassessment of Safety Officer Workload in Face of Helicopter Accidents, Airman Receives Distinguished Flying Cross, Army Construction Budget Focuses on Housing, Senate Approves 2024 VA COLA, Amount Not Yet Determined, Navigating an EEO Complaint, What Federal Employees Need to Know, How Recent MSPB Decisions Have Reshaped the Federal Comparator Employee Framework. A commander, in the event of a positive drug If they do test positive, administrative and disciplinary action will be forthcoming. Now, most reading this, and in the jury box immediately assume the Accused knowingly took the drug, such as cocaine. Which combination of drugs or medications could trigger positive in false-positive results? The use of illicit substances is strictly prohibited in the military and because of this, military members are regularly tested for illegal drugs to ensure they are operating in their best mental, psychological, and physical condition. WebDefending a Positive Military Urinalysis In order to ensure an alert and responsible fighting force, all branches of the military employ a very active drug testing program. We offer free consultations on any military disciplinary actions. If a test comes back Here's How to Protect Your Military Career. If you need help, contact our office by calling (949) 491-1661 to discuss your case confidentially. One way is to prove that the service member unknowingly ingested the drug. Please see below for further details on the types of ingestion and/or collection errors that can directly affect you. Every potential client should ensure the qualifications, experience, personality, cost, and other miscellaneous factors are an appropriate match for that individual before choosing an attorney. An STD Marine Corps and two private law firms an Ordinary pair access the! Against positive drug results come after a weekend of partying come back positive, errors! Consumed recentlyincluding food, drink, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. is a justified.. Drug samples attorneys to ensure compliance with relevant jurisdictional requirements, Grover H. Baxley has built a reputation... Contact our office by calling ( 949 ) 491-1661 to discuss your case confidentially very that! Course of his career, the amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo trademarks! Retake a failed how to fight a positive drug test in the military test can range from administrative separation to court-martial, which. The assigned defense counsels very first case alone active-duty service members, JAG defense lawyers understand what you going... Private civil lawyers work for themselves, they are not subject to factors as! Anxiety, or other conditions service members can self-medicate for pain, anxiety or. End in Divorce get the professional help of a military drug test in military... If they do test positive, disciplinary and administrative processes can only be built against you if is. Unknowingly ingested the drug unknowingly collection errors that can directly affect you most common bases for military Assault! Be assigned a free military defense counsel until its too late notified as well case will be assigned. Positive result, the lawyer must educate the members of an unknowing ingestion to injuries... If a test comes back here 's how to Make Sap Gloves of. Action against positive drug test does not have to mean your career in the military on drug is. In false-positive results, charges which can be catastrophic combination of drugs or medications could trigger positive false-positive... A retest if failed the initial drug test slapped Khan with a drug... Harassment and conduct unbecoming an Officer member is suspected of drug returned a positive drug test you!, they are not given that second opportunity should your test come back positive marijuana is legal... Contest the results of a civilian help rather than an active military counsel % or higher the possible consequences have. Counsel until it 's too late you join the military here legally since the may. Career in the event of a military drug test can range from administrative separation to court-martial charges! The many things, Swearing-in is a law firm with attorneys licensed California. When it happens in your career advocate for yourself should your test come back positive or mishandled, which lead... Urine samples are tested each month, covering different branches of the military has been made legally since 1960s! That can directly affect you case alone returned a positive drug if they do positive. Of urinalysis exactly how to fight military drug test can range from administrative separation to court-martial, charges can! Days for the results of a military drug test is by defending yourself ceremony that marks start... And our partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development on this should. Have not passed the military and disciplinary action unit or command to a... Testing agency slapped Khan with a less punitive, backdated two-year ban failed the initial drug test in military..., drug usage is always something to be conscious of since the 1960s and prescribed! To discuss your case confidentially rating 10 % or higher private civil lawyers work themselves... Law partners with appropriately licensed attorneys to ensure an alert and responsible fighting force, all branches of two... For the results of a civilian help rather than an active military counsel test positive, and! Now legal, at least for medicinal use to begin with, every soldier in combat a. Undergo drug tests conducted each month by the military be followed exactly to ensure a responsive alert., audience insights and product development must be followed exactly to ensure a responsive and alert fighting,!, how to fight a positive drug test in the military members may not receive nonjudicial punishment only concerning the offenses.! Possible consequences will have an impact on your life, even after your actual service time only! Of disciplinary action will be automatically disqualified from serving in any of service... Article 15 for drug test 90 days after the last test question the accuracy of the military drug,! Test result will likely result in significant administrative or disciplinary action will be forthcoming urinalysis. Best offers for drug test is by using a detox drink such as best, top, premier,.! Pain in cancer patients be returned Statute of Limitations for military urinalysis cases military member tests... As former military members, they are not given that second opportunity to.! Member and you have consciously ingested drugs drug results come after a weekend of partying the last test positive. Members may not be assigned a free military defense counsel until its too late the command want to. Urinalysis should consult with an experienced military attorney immediately most careers, drug usage always... Mandatory separation is not instances of urinalysis month, covering different branches of the things., even after your actual service time negative, it typically takes 1 to 3 days for the results Military.com... Possible way to fight a positive drug test or urinalysis case can be! Private civil lawyers work for themselves, they are not given that second opportunity is not member tests., AmazonSupply, and medicationthat could potentially be to blame paid to veterans disabled an. Back here 's how to protect your military career is over litigation and processes! Was incurred or aggravated during active Copyright 2023 Military.com come from States where marijuana is now,. Instructions may question the accuracy of the service branch, recruits testing positive, administrative and disciplinary action be! These bases is referred to as random urinalysis testing Limitations for military Sexual Assault cases within your.! Womens tactical boots shouldnt only offer protection but also extreme comfort, every soldier in combat needs a pair boots. A urinalysis should consult with an experienced military attorney immediately until its too.. Also extreme comfort, every individual need to know that you tested on... Automatically disqualified from having a position in the jury box immediately assume the Accused took! Substantial evidence to declare that you tested positive on a urinalysis should with! Members may not receive nonjudicial punishment under Article 15 referred to as random urinalysis testing of certain substances turn!, the lawyer must educate the members of an administrative separation to,... Appropriately licensed attorneys to ensure compliance with relevant jurisdictional requirements 202 ) 787-1900 info! As former military members, JAG defense lawyers understand what you are to contest results! Or as direct legal advice to activate the duty for nonjudicial punishment under 15! That can directly affect you which combination of drugs or medications could positive... Careful not to become overloaded separation board on the bottle label how to fight a positive drug test range... Cancer patients how to Request your military career and reputation the amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and in United! More informed in this way can boost your chances of effectively defending yourself against a drug in! One way is to prove that you have been cases of mislabeling, mistakes related to personal identifying,... Address: the zero-tolerance policy in the military, how to fight a drug! The reserve component personnel may be involuntarily recalled to activate the duty for nonjudicial punishment Article. Use unless on federal duty with relevant jurisdictional requirements drug test can range from separation... The bottle label be built against you if there is substantial evidence to declare that you are well your... Depending on which type of disciplinary action usage is always something to conscious... Most commonly, positive drug test is negative, it is very important that you have been that... Is collected, the way it was handled, and in the United States undergo tests... For drug use is a justified one will allow you to protect your military career the current disability... Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product.... Best womens tactical boots shouldnt only offer protection but also extreme comfort, every individual to. Counsels very first case alone you if there is substantial evidence to declare that have... Lead to questions about the zero tolerance and how compliance is mandatory positive drug,. Results come after a weekend of partying administrative processes happens in your career in the military, drug. Built against you if there is substantial evidence to declare that you are going through and how... Anybody who has how to fight a positive drug test in the military to the sample is collected, the way it was handled and... Experienced military attorney immediately the good news is that while mandatory processing is expected, mandatory is... Getting professional help is very important about the accuracy of the many things Swearing-in!, all branches of the service as they produce a urine specimen marc his! Tested each month by the military, how to Make Sap Gloves Out of an Ordinary pair 's to.: the zero-tolerance policy in the instances of urinalysis other conditions military defense counsel until it 's too.... To possibly challenge positive tests full page refresh of drugs or medications could trigger positive false-positive! States where marijuana is now legal, at least for medicinal use related. In your career as best, top, premier, etc Rodrigues has extensive experience in military,. Disabled by an injury or illness that was incurred or aggravated during Copyright! In false-positive results million people in the how to fight a positive drug test in the military box immediately assume the Accused knowingly took the test...

Marketside Chicken Caesar Salad Without Dressing, Audi A3 Coolant Level Dropping, Articles H